Framework Formation

The timeline below traces major responsibilities, contexts, observations, patterns, and tensions that gradually shaped the Urban STEPS framework.

2021 – Today
Urban STEPS

Synthesizing Practice into an Operational Framework

Urban realities continue to evolve beyond the responsiveness of isolated planning systems and sector-based interventions.

Urban STEPS synthesizes two decades of observations into an operational framework for reading complexity, strengthening continuity, and navigating relationships between planning, governance, territorial systems, and lived urban reality. Rather than replacing planning, it expands its capacity to engage with the dynamics that shape cities over time.

Focus Fields and Key Question

How can planning learn to read and navigate complex systems and relationships that shape current urban environments?

2021 – Today
Breshna Foundation for Culture

Preserving Continuity under Change

Safeguarding a unique archive of Afghan modern art, architecture and cultural history in diaspora.

Displacement threatens not only people but also memory, knowledge and cultural continuity.

Focus Fields and Key Question

How can cultural memory remain active, accessible, and meaningful across generations and places?

How can we preserve continuity while enabling adaptation.

2007 – 2020
Zahra Breshna Consulting (ZBC)

Institutional Drift

Institutional Complexity & Operational Fragmentation

Working between Afghanistan and Germany across governments, international organizations, academia and private actors revealed a recurring pattern: institutional sophistication increased while operational coherence often declined.

Insight

Planning loses transformative capacity when realities become disconnected from institutional assumptions.

Key Question

How can planning remain adaptive and accountable across increasingly fragmented implementation systems and institutional layers?

2011 – 2012
DCDA (Kabul New City)

Leading strategic planning for a metropolitan-scale project.

Limits of Metropolitan Planning

Metropolitan expansion beyond operational capacity

This period challenged many previously held assumptions about planning, governance, and development.

The growing gap between institutional and donor agendas and evolving urban realities raised fundamental questions about how governance and planning systems could encountering transforming metropolitan environment.

Observation

Despite significant resources and international engagement, many actors operated within separate frameworks. Projects were often evaluated through procedures, visibility, and delivery mechanisms, while underlying urban realities and long-term structural conditions remained insufficiently addressed.

Insight

Metropolitan planning succeeds only when strategic visions remain connected to evolving realities, institutional capacities, and implementation dynamics.

Key Question

Can planning become adaptive rather than merely predictive?

How can planning engage complex realities rather than operate alongside them?

2003 – 2006
Leading the Department for the Safeguarding of Afghanistan's Urban Heritage (DSAUH)

Negotiating Continuity

Continuity as Governance Resource

Building Afghanistan's first national urban safeguarding program under post-conflict conditions

Observation

Urban continuity depended on negotiated relationships between communities, institutions, and evolving urban pressures.

Insight

Continuity emerges through embedded relationships rather than institutional control alone.

Key Question

How can continuity become an active governance resource rather than merely a heritage concern.

2001 – 2004
PhD Research at KIT Karlsruhe on Kabul Old City

Reading Between Morphology & Governance

The relationship between institutional governance (Grid) and embedded self-organization (Ground)

Observation

The research revealed that the revitalization of the historic fabric is linked with the re-activation of interrelated embedded governance systems.

Insight

Cities remember through structure as much as through memory and everyday practices.

Key Question

How to re-activate embedded self-organization mechanisms to serve as engines for sustainable redevelopment?

1997 – 2004
Formation of Breshna + Thiele Architects in Berlin

Coordination & Implementation

Institutional planning and operational implementation

Participation in highly coordinated architectural and infrastructural implementation environments, including large-scale public projects, project-management systems, and international competitions.

Observation

Large scale project implementation depended on operational continuity, coordination and management across institutions, actors, and scales.

Insight

Planning becomes effective when responsibilities, coordination, and implementation remain aligned.

Key Question

What could enable urban planning systems to operate reliably and translate decisions into complex-built realities?

1980 – 1995
Following displacement from Afghanistan in 1980, education and professional formation in Germany.

Continuity Across Displacement

Cross-cultural formation and identity

Following displacement from Afghanistan in 1980, education and professional formation in Germany.

Adapting to the new environment proved straightforward, maintaining continuity with cultural origins became a more enduring challenge.

Observation

Continuity is not preserved through place alone. It depends on active relationships to memory, culture, language, and shared narratives.

Insight

Cultural identity can adapt and incorporate new aspects, increasing diversity while preserving core values.

Key Question

What allows continuity to survive displacement and persist disruption?

How can diaspora expertise be leveraged effectively to advance the development of the country of origin?